Pages of the Nc Drivers Hndbook to Read to Pass the Permit Test

License to operate large or heavy vehicles

A commercial driver'southward license is required to operate a tractor-trailer for commercial use.

A commercial driver's license (CDL) is a driver's license required to operate large, heavy, or placarded hazardous textile vehicles in commerce, including trucks, buses, and trailers.

United States [edit]

In the U.s., the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safe Act of 1986 established minimum requirements that must be met when a country issues a CDL.^[1] In some states, a CDL may be required to drive a recreational vehicle or agronomical vehicle. However, such vehicles are federally exempt from having to obtain a CDL. The following types of CDL licenses are:

Grade A – Allows the cardholder to operate combination of vehicles in commerce. This includes vehicles with a Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) of 26,001 pounds (xi,794 kg) or more provided the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of the trailer is more than than x,000 pounds (four,536 kg). Vehicle examples that fall under Course A are tractor trailers and trailer buses (Rider endorsement required).

Class B – Allows the cardholder to operate heavy unmarried vehicles in commerce. This includes vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of 26,001 pounds (11,794 kg) or more. If towing a vehicle, the GVWR of the towed unit must be 10,000 pounds (4,536 kg) or less. Vehicle examples that fall under Class B include box trucks, garbage trucks, dump trucks, cement trucks, and buses (Passenger endorsement required).

Course C – Allows the cardholder to operate single vehicles of 26,000 pounds (12,000 kg) or less when the operator plans ship 16 or more passengers, including the driver, or is transporting fabric that has been designated as chancy nether 49 United states of americaC. 5103 and is required to exist placarded under subpart F of 49 CFR Role 172 or is transporting whatsoever quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR Function 73.^[2]

Age requirements [edit]

The minimum age for a CDL is adamant by land governments. In all states including the District of Columbia, the minimum age for a CDL is eighteen years old with the exception of Hawaii where it is 21 years one-time. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration requires commercial vehicle drivers to exist 21 or older to drive a commercial vehicle in interstate commerce (to motion appurtenances across state lines). Although 49 states allow 18 to 20-yr-olds to exist issued a CDL, they may only drive a commercial vehicle inside the land where the CDL was issued, i.eastward. intrastate commerce. Drivers must also exist 21 years of age or older to transport hazardous materials when placards are required. Additional age requirements vary by state.

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act signed into law on fifteen November 2021 includes an amendment to found a three-year apprenticeship program that would let xviii to 20-year-olds with a CDL to operate in interstate commerce after successful completion of supervised training with an older and experienced commuter before they tin can drive in multiple states.^[three]

Regulation changes [edit]

Earlier 1992, driving commercial motor vehicles (CMVs), which are primarily tractor-trailers (or Longer Combination Vehicles (LCVs)),^[4] required advanced skills and knowledge higher up and beyond those required to drive a car or other lightweight vehicle. Before the implementation of the commercial driver's license (CDL) in 1992, licensing requirements for driving larger vehicles and buses varied from state to state.

This lack of training resulted in a large number of preventable traffic deaths and accidents.^[5]

In 1992, when the Human activity became law, all drivers were required to accept a CDL in order to bulldoze a Commercial Motor Vehicle. The Federal Highway Assistants (FHWA) has developed testing standards for licensing drivers. U.S. states are able to issue CDLs only subsequently a written and practical test take been given past the State or approved testing facility. A driver needs a CDL if the vehicle meets one of the definitions of a Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) listed to a higher place.^[6]

A land may also require a driver to have a CDL to operate certain other vehicles. For example, a commuter licensed in New Jersey must accept a CDL to drive a omnibus, limousine, or van that is used for hire and designed to transport 8 to 15 passengers.^[7] A driver licensed in New York must take a CDL to legally transport passengers in school buses and other vehicles listed in Article 19-A of the state's Vehicle and Traffic Law.^[eight] Drivers licensed in California must have a CDL if their primary employment is driving, whether or not they actually drive a commercial vehicle. California defines a commercial vehicle equally one that transports for hire either people or products.^[nine] In addition, possession of a CDL in California changes the threshold for a Driving Under the Influence commendation from 0.08% to 0.04% blood alcohol content.^[ten]

Prospective licensees should verify CDL requirements by referencing their state specific CDL Manual.^[11]

In most states, a driver'southward license (for cars) is required before a Commercial Commuter's License can be issued.

Endorsements [edit]

The post-obit endorsements listed are federal-level endorsements. States are free to enact endorsements at the land level. For case, in New York State, a W endorsement is required to operate a tow truck.

Endorsement	Letter of the alphabet	Required Test(s)	Class A?	Class B?	Class C?	Notes
Doubles and triples	T	Cognition Test	Yes	No	No	Required to pull ii or three trailers. Only 14 states allow triple trailers (iii cargos) to exist driven, including Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Due north Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, and Utah. In all other states, only two trailers can be hauled thus triples are non permitted.^[12] Furthermore, STAA doubles are permitted in all 50 states; Alaska allows triple 53' trailers, Kansas and Oklahoma allow turnpike doubles (double 53' trailers) other combinations are restricted in various states.
Rider vehicle	P	Knowledge and Skills Examination	Yes	Yes	Yes	Required to drive a bus or any vehicle that will transport 16 or more than passengers. In virtually states, a CDL is not required if the commuter will merely transport family members for not-commercial purposes unless the vehicle weighs more than 26,000 pounds GVWR.
Schoolhouse omnibus	S	Noesis and Skills Test	Yes	Yes	Yes	Required to bulldoze a school bus and/or to transport school students to or from school. A Passenger endorsement is required for this endorsement.
Tank vehicle	Northward	Knowledge Test	Yes	Yes	Yes	Required to drive a container that carries 1,000 pounds (450 kg) or more of liquid.
Hazardous materials	H	Noesis Test	Yes	Yep	Yes	Required to transport hazardous materials in commerce. This endorsement, by federal constabulary, requires the driver to be at least 21 years of age, pass a medical groundwork test, pass a TSA background exam, and be fingerprinted for whatsoever prior criminal conviction.
Combination of tank vehicle and hazardous material.	X	Knowledge Tests	Yeah	Yes	Yes	A combination of H and North endorsements that replaces them.

Endorsements without codes [edit]

These are optional endorsements that do non carry an endorsement code, but may be required for certain CDL holders:

Endorsement	Required for:	Restriction (if not taken):
Air brakes	Any commercial motor vehicle with Air Brakes.	The CDL Holder will be issued an L on their restrictions, indicating they are forbidden from operating any commercial motor vehicle equipped with Air Brakes.
Combination vehicles	Any combination vehicles. This endorsement is mandatory for all Course A applicants.	Ineligible for the Form A CDL. Though, applicants may still apply for a Class B or Class C CDL without this endorsement.

Restrictions [edit]

M, X, Due east, K, L, V, Northward, O, and Z are federal restrictions. Any other restrictions have been promulgated at the country level.

Training [edit]

Educational prerequisites vary by state. Some states, such as Ohio, for example require 160 hours of classroom and on the road training. Training may be obtained by completing a qualified CDL training program through a DMV-approved truck driving school. These preparation programs specialize in pedagogy potential truck drivers the necessary skills and cognition to properly and safely operate a truck, including map reading, trip planning, and compliance with U.Due south. Department of Transportation laws, equally well every bit backing, turning, hooking a trailer, and road driving. The overall purpose of these training schools is to assist truckershoped-for pass the CDL knowledge and skills tests as well every bit advanced driving techniques such equally skid abstention and recovery and other emergency actions for situations such as a breakaway trailer and hydroplaning. These classes usually go well beyond the grooming the typical non-commercial driver receives, such as the driver's pedagogy provided in high schoolhouse. There are a number of licensed CDL training schools around the U.s.a. and many trucking companies operate their own schools too.

Testing [edit]

Although each state may add boosted restrictions, there are national requirements which are as follows.^[13] A prospective commuter must pass a serial of written exams for a learner let, or to add endorsements. The General Knowledge Exam, required for a commercial learner allow, consists of 50 questions, where fourscore percent of questions must exist answered correctly to laissez passer.

The CDL Skills Test must be passed for the applicant to obtain their CDL license. Information technology includes three dissimilar sections:

The get-go is the Pre-Trip Inspection where the bidder must inspect their vehicle what they would inspect and why.
The second is a written examination on highway rubber and a exam almost unlike parts of a truck with a minimum of 30 questions on the exam. To pass this knowledge examination, student drivers must answer at to the lowest degree 80 percent of the questions correctly.
The third is a driving skills examination. To laissez passer the driving skills test, the student driver must successfully perform a set up of required driving maneuvers. The driving skill examination must be taken in a vehicle that the driver operates or expects to operate. For certain endorsements, such as air (pneumatic) brakes, the driving skills test must be taken in a vehicle equipped with such equipment. If the test is done in a vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission, a restriction of E will be placed on the license prohibiting the driver from operating a vehicle with a manual transmission. The student driver also needs to evidence they do in fact show the characteristics of an aware and fully operative commuter. This does not exclude certain disabilities; still, standard requirements required by the safety operators must exist met.

Employers, training facilities, states, governmental departments, and private institutions may exist permitted to administer knowledge and driving test for the state. The test must be the same as those given by the state issuing the CDL, and the instructors must run across the same professional certification as state instructors.

States are required to conduct an inspection of whatsoever testing facility and evaluates the programs by taking an bodily test as if they were testing commuter at least in one case a twelvemonth, or by taking a sample of drivers tested by the third political party and and so comparing pass/fail rates.

In addition, the state's agreement with the tertiary party testing centers must let the FMCSA and the State to conduct random examinations, inspections, and audits without notice.

Medical certification [edit]

In 2014, the constabulary regarding drivers in pursuit of a CDL was modified and requires a DOT medical examiner to qualify a person with a medical issue to be able to drive. Prior to the modify, a private medico was able to qualify a commuter to obtain a CDL.^[xiv] Most CMV drivers must prove they are healthy enough to safely drive a truck. A valid medical certificate must be filled out by a medical professional person listed on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners at the conclusion of an extensive physical exam, with a copy provided to the country Bureau (or Department) of Motor Vehicles compliance unit. Some examples of an impairment which disqualifies a commuter include the inability to grasp a steering wheel or operate human foot pedals, insulin use, certain cardiac and respiratory problems, markedly elevated claret pressure level, epilepsy, some astringent psychiatric disorders, certain colour blindness, poor corrected vision in either middle (worse than twenty/40), bilateral hearing loss, active alcoholism, and other weather which significantly increase the take a chance of a medical emergency behind the wheel. See Physical qualifications for drivers page of the Federal Motor Carrier Safe Assistants.

Not all medical providers are able to test and consummate the medical certification form.

Contents [edit]

A CDL must contain the following information:

(a)(1) The prominent argument that the license is a "commercial driver's license" or "CDL," except as specified in §383.153(b);
(a)(ii) The full name, signature, and mailing address of the person to whom such license is issued;
(a)(iii) Physical and other information to identify and describe such person including date of birth (month, twenty-four hour period, and year), sex, and meridian;
(a)(4) Color photograph of the driver;
(a)(5) The driver's Country license number;
(a)(6) The name of the State which issued the license;
(a)(7) The date of issuance and the engagement of expiration of the license;
(a)(8) The group or groups of commercial motor vehicle(southward) that the driver is authorized to operate, indicated as follows:
(a)(8)(i) A for Combination Vehicle;
(a)(8)(ii) B for Heavy Straight Vehicle; and
(a)(8)(iii) C for Small Vehicle.
(a)(9) The endorsement(s) for which the driver has qualified, if any, indicated as follows:
(a)(9)(i) T for double/triple trailers;
(a)(9)(two) P for passenger;
(a)(9)(3) Due north for tank vehicle;
(a)(9)(four) H for hazardous materials (which includes most all fireworks);
(a)(9)(v) 10 for a combination of the tank vehicle and hazardous materials endorsements;
(a)(9)(vi) S for schoolhouse bus; and
(a)(9)(vii) At the discretion of the Land, additional codes for additional groupings of endorsements, as long as each such discretionary code is fully explained on the front or back of the CDL document.
(b) If the CDL is a nonresident CDL, it shall contain the prominent statement that the license is a "nonresident commercial driver'south license" or "nonresident CDL." The word "nonresident" must exist conspicuously and unmistakably displayed, only may be noncontiguous with the words "Commercial Driver's License" or "CDL."
(c) If the State has issued the applicant an air (pneumatic) brake restriction as specified in §383.95, that restriction must be indicated on the license. ^[15]

CDLIS Clearinghouse [edit]

The Commercial Commuter'southward License Information System (CDLIS) and the National Driver Register (NDR) substitution information on traffic convictions and commuter disqualifications of commercial drivers. States have to use both CDLIS and NDR to check a driver's tape earlier a CDL can be issued. Trucking companies can use a commercial service that has clearance for providing this information every bit a means of screening prospective employees.

Convictions [edit]

Driving without a CDL, or suspended CDL, incurs a civil penalty of up to $2,500 or, in aggravated cases, criminal penalties of upward to $5,000 in fines and/or up to xc days in prison.
A conviction for driving while using an electronic device incurs a $2750 fine for the driver and a $11,000 fine for the employer.
An employer is besides field of study to a punishment of up to $10,000 if they knowingly allow a commuter to operate a CMV without a valid CDL.
Two or more than serious traffic violations, including excessive speeding, reckless driving, improper or erratic lane changes, following the vehicle ahead too closely, and traffic offenses in connection with fatal traffic accidents, within a three-year menstruum: a xc-twenty-four hours to five-yr break.
1 or more than violations of a Motor vehicle declared out of service society inside a 10-year menses: one-twelvemonth suspension.
Driving nether the influence of a controlled substance or alcohol, or leaving the scene of an accident, or using a CMV to commit a felony: three-twelvemonth suspension.
Whatsoever of the ane-year offenses while operating a CMV for chancy materials or second offense of any of the one-year or 3-year offenses, or using a CMV to commit a felony involving manufacturing, distributing, or dispensing controlled substances: life suspension.

States can reduce certain lifetime disqualifications to a minimum disqualification catamenia of 10 years if the driver completes a driver rehabilitation plan approved by the Land. Not all states practice this: it is available in Idaho^[6] and New York State^[8] only not California^[ix] or New Jersey.^[7]

If a CDL holder is disqualified from operating a CMV they cannot be issued a "conditional" or "hardship" CDL, but can continue to drive non-commercial vehicles.

Any convictions are reported to the commuter'due south dwelling State and Federal Highway Administration and these convictions are treated the same as convictions for violations that are committed in the dwelling State.

The Commercial Drivers License Plan collects and stores all convictions a driver receives and transmits this data to the home State and then that any disqualification or break can be practical.

The FHWA has established 0.04% equally the claret alcohol concentration (BAC) level at or above which a CMV commuter is deemed to be driving under the influence of alcohol and subject to lose his/her CDL. Additionally, an operator of a CMV that is institute to have 'any detectable amount of BAC above 0.0%' will exist put out of service for a minimum of 24 hours.

A driver must study any driving confidence within 30 days, except parking, to their employer regardless of the nature of the violation.

Employers must exist notified if a commuter's license is suspended, revoked, or canceled. The notification must be made past the end of the next business 24-hour interval following receipt of the observe of the suspension, revocation, cancellation, lost privilege or disqualification.

Employers cannot under any circumstances use a commuter who has more than one license or whose license is suspended, revoked or canceled, or is disqualified from driving. Violation of this requirement may result in civil or criminal penalties.

Occupational outlook [edit]

The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 2% employment growth rate in Heavy and Tractor-trailer Trucking from 2019 to 2029, slower than the boilerplate growth charge per unit of 4% across all professions.^[16] Scholarships are beingness awarded to armed services veterans at CDL-A schools and truck driving companies.^[17] ^[18]

United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland [edit]

In the Great britain the PCV Licence (PCV stands for Rider Carrying Vehicle) enables the holder to drive buses and/or minibuses, subject to what kind of Practical Driving Examination the licence holder passes.

Category C+Due east Vehicles over 3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb) with a trailer over 750 kilograms (1,650 lb), also known equally Large Goods Vehicle, normal max gross weight 44,000 kilograms (97,000 lb): minimum age 21. 17 if in the Military machine and at present 18 if the driver meets certain requirements regarding CPC (Document of Professional Competence).
Category D1 allows the holder to bulldoze a vehicle with between nine and xvi passenger seats with a trailer upwardly to 750 kilograms (1,650 lb) maximum authorised mass.
Category D1+E allows the holder to drive a vehicle with between ix and sixteen passenger seats with a trailer over 750 kilograms (i,650 lb) maximum authorised mass, provided that the maximum authorised mass of the trailer does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle beingness driven and the combined maximum authorised mass of both the vehicle and trailer does not exceed 12,000 kilograms (26,000 lb).
- For example, a vehicle with an unladen mass of 2,650 kilograms (v,840 lb) and a MAM of four,005 kilograms (8,830 lb), with a trailer MAM of 2,200 kilograms (4,900 lb) volition give a combined MAM of 6,205 kilograms (xiii,680 lb) – and the unladen mass of the vehicle being driven (2,650 kilograms (five,840 lb)) is greater than the MAM of the trailer (2,200 kilograms (4,900 lb)) and then is acceptable. However, a vehicle with an unladen mass of 2,650 kilograms (5,840 lb) and a MAM of 4,005 kilograms (viii,830 lb), with a trailer MAM of ii,700 kilograms (6,000 lb) volition give a combined MAM of 6,705 kilograms (14,782 lb) – but considering the MAM of the trailer (two,700 kilograms (6,000 lb)) exceeds the unladen weight of the vehicle beingness driven (two,650 kilograms (five,840 lb)), a Category D+Due east licence is needed to drive that vehicle.
Category D allows the holder to bulldoze a vehicle with more than eight rider seats with a trailer up to 750 kilograms (ane,650 lb) maximum authorised mass.
Category D+Due east allows the holder to drive a vehicle with more than than eight passenger seats with a trailer over 750 kilograms (1,650 lb) maximum authorised mass.

Australia [edit]

All places in Australia accept a mostly similar driver licence system, although some things tin change in each state or territory (due east.k. what classes of license are available).

Australian license classes [edit]

C Car: A 'Grade C' licence covers vehicles upwardly to iv.5 tonnes (4.4 long tons; v.0 short tons) gross vehicle mass (GVM)

GVM is the maximum recommended weight a vehicle tin be when loaded. A 'Class C' Licence allows the holder to bulldoze cars, utilities, vans, some lite trucks, car-based motor tricycles, tractors and implements such every bit graders. You can also drive vehicles that seat up to 12 adults, including the driver.

R Rider: Motorbike riders require a 'Course R' licence.
LR Calorie-free Rigid: 'Class LR' covers a rigid vehicle with a GVM of more than iv.5 tonnes (4.iv long tons; v.0 brusk tons) only not more than 8 tonnes (seven.9 long tons; eight.8 brusque tons). Any towed trailer must not weigh more than than 9 tonnes (viii.nine long tons; 9.9 brusque tons) GVM. This class also includes vehicles with a GVM upward to 8 tonnes (7.nine long tons; 8.8 curt tons) which bear more than 12 adults including the driver and vehicles in course 'C'.
MR Medium Rigid: 'Class MR' covers a rigid vehicle with 2 axles and a GVM of more than than eight tonnes (vii.9 long tons; eight.eight short tons). Whatever towed trailer must non weigh more than 9 tonnes (viii.9 long tons; 9.9 short tons) GVM. This grade also includes vehicles in course 'LR'.
HR Heavy Rigid: 'Class HR' covers a rigid vehicle with 3 or more axles and a GVM of more than than 8 tonnes (vii.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons). Any towed trailer must non weigh more than than nine tonnes (8.9 long tons; 9.9 short tons) GVM. This class also includes articulated buses and vehicles in class 'MR'.
HC Heavy Combination: This licence covers heavy combination vehicles like a prime mover towing a semi-trailer, or rigid vehicles towing a trailer with a GVM of more 9 tonnes (8.ix long tons; nine.9 short tons). This course also includes vehicles in class 'Hr'.
MC Multi-Combination: This licence covers multi-combination vehicles like Road Trains and B-Double Vehicles. It as well includes vehicles in grade 'HC'.

Medical standards [edit]

The medical standards for drivers of commercial vehicles are set by the National Transport Commission and Austroads, and are ready out in 'Assessing Fitness to Drive' (available from the Austroads website).

For those applying for heavy vehicle licence classes MR (Medium Rigid), HR (Heavy Rigid), HC (Heavy Combination) or MC (Multi Combination), information technology is strongly recommended that the applicant ensures they meet the medical requirements before commencing any training or tests for a heavy vehicle licence.

Paying passengers [edit]

The driver of a vehicle conveying paying passengers (such as a school double-decker or tourist coach) requires an appropriate commuter licence and a 'Public Rider Vehicle Driver Authority' which is issued by the Ministry of Transport.

New Zealand [edit]

In New Zealand, commuter licensing is controlled by the NZ Transport Agency. At that place are six classes of motor-vehicle licence^[xix] and nine licence endorsements. Course one governs vehicles with a GLW (gross laden weight) or GCW (gross combined weight) of less than half dozen,000 kg, and Class half-dozen governs motorcycles. Classes ii–5 govern heavy vehicles.

A Class 2 licence allows the holder to drive:

any rigid vehicle (including any tractor) with a GLW of more 6,000 kilograms (xiii,000 lb) simply less than xviii,001 kilograms (39,685 lb)
any combination vehicle with a GCW of 12,000 kilograms (26,000 lb) or less
whatever combination vehicle consisting of a rigid vehicle with a GLW of eighteen,000 kilograms (xl,000 lb) or less towing a light trailer (GLW of 3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb) or less)
any rigid vehicle with a GLW of more than 18,000 kilograms (xl,000 lb) that has no more two axles
any vehicle covered in Form 1.

Class 3 allows the holder to bulldoze:

whatever combination vehicle with a GCW of more than than 12,000 kilograms (26,000 lb) but less than 25,001 kilograms (55,118 lb)
whatsoever vehicle covered in classes 1 and 2.

Course four allows the holder to drive:

whatever rigid vehicle (including any tractor) with a GLW of more than than 18,000 kilograms (40,000 lb)
any combination vehicle consisting of a rigid vehicle with a GLW of more than xviii,000 kilograms (40,000 lb) towing a calorie-free trailer (GLW of 3,500 kilograms (seven,700 lb) or less)
vehicles covered in classes i and 2, but not Class 3.

Class 5 allows the holder to drive:

any combination vehicle with a GCW of more than 25,000 kilograms (55,000 lb)
vehicles covered by classes 1, 2, iii and 4.

Earlier getting a Grade 2 licence, a driver must be at least 18 years of age and accept held an unrestricted Class 1 licence for at to the lowest degree six months. Gaining a Class v is not dependent on property a Class 3. One time a driver has a Form 2 they tin progress directly through to Grade 4 and Class 5. Each progression (2 to three, ii to 4, or 4 to v) requires having held an unrestricted licence of the preceding class for at least six months. For drivers aged 25 or over the minimum period for holding the unrestricted time is reduced to three months, or waived entirely on completion of an canonical course of instruction.

Additional endorsements on an NZ driver's licence govern provision of special commercial services. The endorsements are:

D - Dangerous Goods: transporting chancy substances. Must be renewed every five years
F - Forklift operator
I - Driving Instructor: An "I" endorsement is awarded for a specific Class of licence, e.chiliad.: five-I
O - Testing Officer: Driving assessors who test a person prior to being granted a detail class of licence
P - Passenger: Transport of fare-paying passengers (motorbus and taxi drivers, limo-for-hire drivers, and dial-a-commuter services)
R - Roller: Special vehicle equipped with rollers
T - Tracks: Special vehicle equipped with tracks
V - Vehicle recovery: Operating a tow truck
W - Wheels: Special vehicle equipped with wheels, other than fire appliances, buses, tractors, vehicle-recovery vehicles, or trade vehicles.

The F, R, T and Westward endorsements are for operating special types of vehicle on the road. Where the holder besides has a heavy vehicle (Grade two or Class 4) licence, they are permitted to bulldoze heavy special vehicles. Otherwise the limits for Class 1 (6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb)) utilize.

Beingness granted an I, O, P and/or 5 endorsement requires that the applicant passes a "fit and proper person" check, to screen for people with criminal convictions or serious driving infringements. These endorsements are issued for 1 or five years, at the option of the bidder at the time of purchase.

Hong Kong [edit]

In Hong Kong, Transport Department is responsible for issuing driver licences. Private light motorcoach (class iv), public light bus (form 5), taxi (class 6), individual bus (course 9), public bus (course 10), franchised public bus (class 17), medium appurtenances vehicle (class xviii), heavy goods vehicle (class 19), articulated vehicle (form 20) and special purpose vehicle (class 21) are vehicles requiring commercial driving licences.,^[20] whereas private car (class 1), light goods vehicle (course 2), motorbike (class three), and motor tricycle (class 22) are considered non-commercial vehicles.

To apply for a commercial driving licence, a commuter must: - exist of age 21 or higher up; - have obtained a private car or light appurtenances vehicle full driving licence for at least 3 years (2 years if converted from probationary licence) immediately earlier the application; - be a Hong Kong permanent resident or not discipline to any condition of stay other than a limit of stay; - accept not been bedevilled of some serious driving offences specified in law within v years before the application; and take a driving test of the course of vehicle the driver is going to utilise.

In Hong Kong, driving licences are issued separately for each class of vehicle and printed on the licence, although passing a driving examination of a heavier vehicle automatically gives the commuter the right to apply for respective lighter vehicles:

6 (Taxi) — Only a written test has to exist taken, including traffic regulations, taxi regulations and places.
four (Private light passenger vehicle), 5 (Public light passenger vehicle) — Passenger vehicles with 8 to xix seats. The driving tests for both are the aforementioned, but only class four (private light jitney) licence can exist applied after passing the exam. In club to apply for a class 5 (public lite passenger vehicle) licence, a driver has to take an additional Pre-service Preparation Form for Public Calorie-free Bus Drivers before submitting the application
9 (Private motorcoach), 10 (Public bus) — Passenger vehicles with 20 seats or more. The driving tests for both are the same, and grade 4 (private calorie-free bus) licence is issued automatically at the same time when applying class nine, ten licences after passing the examination. In addition, class 5 (public low-cal motorcoach) licence tin be applied later on taking an additional Pre-service Training Grade for Public Calorie-free Charabanc Drivers.
17 (Franchised public bus) — This is obtained through preparation within a franchised motorcoach visitor, for example, Kowloon Motor Charabanc. The driving test requirement is the same with public bus (class x), and is simply retained with historical interest. A driver passing a examination on a franchised bus will be issued classes 4, 9, 10 in addition to 17, and 5 after taking an additional Pre-service Training Course for Public Light Bus Drivers, enabling him/her to drive whatsoever public buses, whereas a commuter holding course x (public bus) licence can as well drive franchised public bus. Form 17 exists because the government had to protect the interests of franchised motorbus companies, in the by, drivers trained by a franchised bus visitor could but go a class 17 licence, enabling him/her to bulldoze franchised public motorbus only but not other public buses. This has been relaxed such that a driver passing test on a franchised public coach tin can get classes 9, ten in add-on to form 17, and original drivers holding grade 17 without classes 9, 10 can also apply them for gratis without taking tests.
18 (Medium goods vehicles) — Goods vehicles with maximum gross weight above 5.v tonnes (five.4 long tons; 6.1 curt tons) and non exceeding 24 tonnes (24 long tons; 26 brusk tons). Form two (calorie-free goods vehicles) licence is issued in add-on to class 18 after passing the test.
19 (Heavy appurtenances vehicles) — Appurtenances vehicles with maximum gross weight to a higher place 24 tonnes (24 long tons; 26 short tons) and not exceeding 38 tonnes (37 long tons; 42 brusk tons). Course 2 (calorie-free goods vehicles) and course xviii (medium appurtenances vehicles) licences are issued in add-on to class 19 later passing the exam.
20 (Articulated vehicle) — Usually refers to vehicle in the form of truck and trailer combination (hence articulated, simply not include tow vehicle), total weight between 38 and 44 tonnes (37 and 43 long tons; 42 and 49 short tons). The driver has to obtain full licence of form 18 (medium goods vehicles) at least before applying. Class 19 (heavy goods vehicles) licence is issued in addition to class 20 after passing the test.
21 (Special purpose vehicle) — Includes street washing vehicles, arrow vehicles, route maintenance vehicles, ice foam vehicles, etc. A driver has to apply with endorsement from his/her company, and holding a full licence of course two (calorie-free appurtenances vehicle), 18 (medium appurtenances vehicles) or xix (heavy goods vehicles). Form 21 licence has to exist used in conjunction with a class two, 18 or 19 licence, allowing the driver to drive special purpose vehicles with maximum gross vehicle weight up to the goods vehicle licence the driver holds.

Come across also [edit]

Commercial Driver's License Information Organisation
Truck classification
Trucking industry in the United States

References [edit]

^ "Commercial Commuter's License Programme". Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
^ "Drivers". Fmcsa.dot.gov. Archived from the original on May x, 2017. Retrieved Apr six, 2017.
^ https://world wide web.cnn.com/2022/01/19/business/18-twelvemonth-old-truck-drivers/alphabetize.html
^ "Office 391: Qualifications of drivers and longer combination vehicle (LCV) driver instructors (subpart 391.65)". Federal Motor Carrier Prophylactic Clan (FMCSA). Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
^ "Commercial Driver's License (CDL) Program". Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
^ ^a ^b "CDL Class Definitions". Itd.idaho.gov. Archived from the original on August 11, 2006. Retrieved August xx, 2006.
^ ^a ^b "New Jersey Commercial Driver License Manual". Land.nj.us. March 8, 2017. Retrieved April eight, 2019.
^ ^a ^b "New York Country Commercial Driver'due south Manual". Dmv.cca.gov. Archived from the original on Oct nine, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2006.
^ ^a ^b "Country of California Commercial Driver's Manual" (PDF). Dmv.cca.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 23, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
^ "Deportment Resulting in Loss of License - Alcohol Impairment Charts - Driving Nether the Influence of Alcohol and/or Drugs / is illegal" (PDF). Dmv.ca.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
^ "Directory of State CDL Manuals". Exam-exam.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved April xi, 2009.
^ [one]^{[ dead link ]}
^ "US CDL Requirements past State". Findatruckingjob.com. Archived from the original on Baronial 15, 2010. Retrieved August thirteen, 2010.
^ Vehicles, Department of Motor. "DMV: CDL - Certified Medical Examiners". www.ct.gov. Archived from the original on September two, 2017.
^ "Function 383: Commercial driver'southward license standards; requirements and penalties". Federal Motor Carrier Safety Association. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
^ "Heavy and Tractor-trailer Truck Drivers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.South. Bureau of Labor Statistics". Bls.gov. September 16, 2020. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
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External links [edit]

Section of Transportation
Commuter and Vehicle Licensing Bureau
Western Australia Department of Ship Driver and Vehicle Services
NZTA licensing information page

pattersonmustent.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_driver%27s_license